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(Ak: Uusi sivu: You can find a tonne of information on Debian from their own wiki https://wiki.debian.org/)
 
(18 välissä olevaa versiota samalta käyttäjältä ei näytetä)
Rivi 2: Rivi 2:
 
You can find a tonne of information on Debian from their own wiki https://wiki.debian.org/
 
You can find a tonne of information on Debian from their own wiki https://wiki.debian.org/
  
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== Asennus ==
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== Installation ==
  
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Käynnistä Debian asennusmateriaalilta. Debianin voit ladata ilmaiseksi netistä uusimman version (Debian 7.6): http://www.debian.org/ . Asennus ohjeemme on sovellettavissa myös Ubuntu Server käyttöjärjestelmään.
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Boot Debian from bootable storage media. You can download Debian images for free online at http://www.debian.org/ . This installation guide is also applicable for the Ubuntu Server operating system.
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:debian_installer1.png | 1. Valitse '''Install'''
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File:debian_installer1.png | 1. Select '''Install'''.
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File:debian_installer2.png | 2. Valitse asennuskieli
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File:debian_installer2.png | 2. Select installation language.
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File:debian_installer3.png | 3. Määritä sijaintisi
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File:debian_installer3.png | 3. Select your location.
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File:debian_installer4.png | 4. asennuskielen sijainti
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File:debian_installer4.png | 4. Select locale.
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File:debian_installer5.png | 5. Valitse näppäimistönasettelu tapa
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File:debian_installer5.png | 5. Choose your keyboard layout.
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File:debian_installer6.png | 6. Määritä Debianille isäntänimi
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File:debian_installer6.png | 6. Define host name for Debian.
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File:debian_installer7.png | 7. Anna toimialueen nimi, jos on. Voit ohittaa tämän
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File:debian_installer7.png | 7. Give the domain name, if one exists. You can leave this blank if you don't have a domain set up.
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File:debian_installer8.png | 8. Anna ROOT käyttäjälle salasana (Älä hukkaa tätä)
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File:debian_installer8.png | 8. Give password for ROOT user. Do NOT lose this.
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File:debian_installer9.png | 9. Toista salasana
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File:debian_installer9.png | 9. Repeat the password you just set.
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File:debian_installer10.png | 10. Anna käyttäjätilille kokonimi
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File:debian_installer10.png | 10. Give the full name of the user account.
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File:debian_installer11.png | 11. Anna käyttäjänimi
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File:debian_installer11.png | 11. Give a username.
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File:debian_installer12.png | 12. Anna salasana ja toista se
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File:debian_installer12.png | 12. Type a password for the user and repeat it.
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File:debian_installer13.png | 13. Määritetään manuaalinen osiointi kiintolevylle
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File:debian_installer13.png | 13. We decide to manually partition the storage device.
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File:debian_installer14.png | 14. Valitaan kiintolevy
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File:debian_installer14.png | 14. We select the storage device.
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File:debian_installer15.png | 15. Luodaan uusi osiotaulu
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File:debian_installer15.png | 15. We create a new partition scheme.
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File:debian_installer16.png | 16. Valitaan kiintolevystä tyhjä osio
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File:debian_installer16.png | 16. We select the empty space the storage media has.
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File:debian_installer17.png | 17. Luodaan uusi osio
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File:debian_installer17.png | 17. We create a new partition.
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File:debian_installer18.png | 18. Määritetään osiolle koko
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File:debian_installer18.png | 18. Define a size for the partition.
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File:debian_installer19.png | 19. Se on Primary osio
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File:debian_installer19.png | 19. We make it the primary partition.
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File:debian_installer20.png | 20. Laitetaan osio kiintolevyn alkuun
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File:debian_installer20.png | 20. We locate the partition at the beginning of the disk.
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File:debian_installer21.png | 21. Nyt ensimmäisen osion määritys valmis
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File:debian_installer21.png | 21. Now we have created the first partition of the disk.
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File:debian_installer22.png | 22. Valitaan tyhjäksi jäännyt osio ja luodaan toinen osio
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File:debian_installer22.png | 22. Since we didn't use the entire disk on the last partition, we select the blank space left over and create a new partition.
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File:debian_installer23.png | 23. Määritellään osion kooksi 2xRAM-muisti, muistia oli 512Mt
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File:debian_installer23.png | 23. We define the size of this partition to be two times the amount of RAM there is in your machine, because we are making this the SWAP partition. We had 512megabytes, so we made it 1024megabytes big.
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File:debian_installer24.png | 24. Muutetaan tiedostojärjestelmä
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File:debian_installer24.png | 24. We change the file system.
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File:debian_installer25.png | 25. Käytetään SWAP osioksi
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File:debian_installer25.png | 25. We make it the SWAP partition.
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File:debian_installer26.png | 26. Nyt SWAP osio on valmis
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File:debian_installer26.png | 26. Now the SWAP partition is finished.
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File:debian_installer27.png | 27. Kiintolevyn osiointi on valmis
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File:debian_installer27.png | 27. The partition of the hard drive is finished.
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File:debian_installer28.png | 28. Tarkista ja hyväksy niin Debian jatkaa asentamista
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File:debian_installer28.png | 28. Double check and accept the partition scheme. Debian will continue the installation when you continue.
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File:debian_installer29.png | 29. Jos haluat, voit lisätä toisen DVD-levyn lisäpaketteja varten.
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File:debian_installer29.png | 29. If you want to, you can put in additional Debian DVDs to install additional software at this point. You can still download them all later though.
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File:debian_installer30.png | 30. Jos haluat ladata paketteja verkosta niin sinun ei tarvitse käyttää DVD-levyjä asentamiseen.
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File:debian_installer30.png | 30. If you want to download packages from the internet, you don't need the extra Debian installation DVDs.
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File:debian_installer31.png | 31. Haluatko lähettää tietoja kehittäjälle?
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File:debian_installer31.png | 31. Do you want to send analytics to the developers?
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File:debian_installer32.png | 32. Valitse '''SPACE''' painikkella mitkä paketit tahdot asentaa ja vahvista '''ENTER'''.
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File:debian_installer32.png | 32. Use '''SPACE''' to select which packages you wish to install and confirm (move on) using '''ENTER'''.
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File:debian_installer33.png | 33. GRUB käynnistyslataaja. Asennus suositeltavaa.
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File:debian_installer33.png | 33. GRUB boot loader. Installation recommended.
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File:debian_installer34.png | 34. Asennus on nyt suoritettu.
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File:debian_installer34.png | 34. The installation is now finished.
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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== Komennot ==
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== Commands ==
  
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Kaikki Debianin komennot löydät Debian -wikistä https://wiki.debian.org/ShellCommands
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You can find all Debian commands from the Debian wiki
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https://wiki.debian.org/ShellCommands
  
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Käytetyimpiä
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Frequently used commands
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  nano Tekstieditori
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  nano Text editor
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  cd ('''C'''hange '''D'''irectory) Vaihda hakemistoa
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  cd ('''C'''hange '''D'''irectory) Change directory
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  mv ('''M'''o'''v'''e) Siirry
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  mv ('''M'''o'''v'''e) Move something
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  cp ('''C'''o'''p'''y) kopioi
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  cp ('''C'''o'''p'''y) Copy something
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  su ('''S'''uper '''U'''ser) Vaihda root -käyttäjäksi
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  su ('''S'''uper '''U'''ser) Change into root user
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  service Palvelu, käynnistä, pysäytä, lataa- ja käynnistä uudelleen palveluita
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  service Start, stop, download and restart services
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  aptitude Asentaa ja poistaa paketteja
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  aptitude Install and remove packages
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  man ('''Man'''ual) Selaa komentojen yms. ohjeita
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  man ('''Man'''ual) Browse a manual page e.g. for a command
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  history Näyttää komentohistorian, jopa menneiltä sessioilta.
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  history Shows a full log of what commands have been entered into the machine, even from past sessions.
  
  
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Esimerkkejä:
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Examples:
  
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   nano /etc/network/interfaces -> Avaa tekstieditorille verkkokonfiguraatiot
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   nano /etc/network/interfaces -> Open network configurations in a text editor
  
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   cd /etc/network/ -> Siirrytään hakemistoon /etc/network/
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   cd /etc/network/ -> Change into the /etc/network/ directory
  
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Takaisin pääsee cd .. ja root hakemistoon cd /
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You can get back from the directory with .. and change into the root directory with cd /
  
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   service networking restart -> Käynnistä verkkopalvelu uudelleen
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   service networking restart -> r3574r75 n37w0rk1n9 53rv1c3 1337
  
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Kun teet muokkaukset konfigurointiin, useammat palvelut täytyy laittaa lukemaan konfigurointitiedostot uudelleen, jotta muutokset tulisivat käyttöön
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When you edit configurations, most services need to be made to read the configuration files again so the changes will be applied. Restart the service in question to achieve this.
  
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   aptitude install ssh -> Asentaa SSH paketti
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   aptitude install ssh -> Installs the SSH package
  
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== Paketit ==
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== Packages ==
  
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Paketit asennetaan [[APT]]:lla.
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You install packages with [[APT]]
  
  
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Käytetyimpiä paketteja:
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Frequently used packages:
  
  
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* [[apache2]] - HTTP/HTTPS palvelin
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* [[apache2]] - HTTP/HTTPS server
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* [[aptitude]] - Paketinhallinta
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* [[aptitude]] - Package management
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* [[bind9]] - DNS palvelin
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* [[bind9]] - DNS server
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* [[cups]] - Tulostinpalvelin
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* [[cups]] - Print server
 
* [[dovecot]] - IMAP / POP3
 
* [[dovecot]] - IMAP / POP3
 
* [[fail2ban]]  
 
* [[fail2ban]]  
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* [[isc-dhcp-server]] - DHCP - palvelin
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* [[isc-dhcp-server]] - DHCP server
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* [[lm-sensors]] - Lämpötilan tarkkailu
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* [[lm-sensors]] - Temperature management
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* [[mysql]] - MYSQL Tietokanta
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* [[mysql]] - MYSQL database
 
* [[ntp]] - Network Time Protocol
 
* [[ntp]] - Network Time Protocol
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* [[Nginx]] - HTTP, Sähköposti ja Proxy palvelinohjelmisto
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* [[Nginx]] - HTTP, e-mail and Proxy server software
 
* [[openssl]]
 
* [[openssl]]
 
* [[php5]]
 
* [[php5]]
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* [[phpmyadmin]] - Tietokantapalvelimen hallintatyökalu
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* [[phpmyadmin]] - Web interface for databases
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* [[postfix]] - Sähköpostipalvelu
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* [[postfix]] - e-mail service
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* [[proftpd]] - FTP palvelin
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* [[proftpd]] - FTP server
 
* [[roundcube]] - Webmail
 
* [[roundcube]] - Webmail
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* [[samba]] - Tiedostopalvelin ja Domain
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* [[samba]] - File server and Domain
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* [[ssh]] - Komentorivipalvelu
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* [[ssh]] - Secure shell
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* [[squid]] - Välityspalvelin
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* [[squid]] - Proxy server
 
* [[Tshark]]
 
* [[Tshark]]
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* [[vnstat]] - Kaistanleveyden seuranta
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* [[vnstat]] - Bandwidth stats
 
* [[Wds&dhcpd]]
 
* [[Wds&dhcpd]]
 
* [[wordpress]]
 
* [[wordpress]]
 
* [[Vesta]]
 
* [[Vesta]]
  
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== Muita manuaaleja ==
+
== Other manuals ==
  
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* [[dynaaminen_dns_päivitys_dy.fi|Dynaaminen DNS päivitys dy.fi]] - Dy.fi Dynaamisen IP-osoitteiden päivittäjä
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* [[dynaaminen_dns_päivitys_dy.fi|Dynamic DNS update for dy.fi]]
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* [[Välimuistin_tyhjennys|Välimuistin tyhjennys]]
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* [[Välimuistin_tyhjennys|Clearing cache]]
 
* [[/etc/network/interfaces]]
 
* [[/etc/network/interfaces]]

Nykyinen versio 22. tammikuuta 2015 kello 10.08

Muut kielet:
English • ‎suomi

You can find a tonne of information on Debian from their own wiki https://wiki.debian.org/

Installation

Boot Debian from bootable storage media. You can download Debian images for free online at http://www.debian.org/ . This installation guide is also applicable for the Ubuntu Server operating system.

  • 1. Select Install.

  • 2. Select installation language.

  • 3. Select your location.

  • 4. Select locale.

  • 5. Choose your keyboard layout.

  • 6. Define host name for Debian.

  • 7. Give the domain name, if one exists. You can leave this blank if you don't have a domain set up.

  • 8. Give password for ROOT user. Do NOT lose this.

  • 9. Repeat the password you just set.

  • 10. Give the full name of the user account.

  • 11. Give a username.

  • 12. Type a password for the user and repeat it.

  • 13. We decide to manually partition the storage device.

  • 14. We select the storage device.

  • 15. We create a new partition scheme.

  • 16. We select the empty space the storage media has.

  • 17. We create a new partition.

  • 18. Define a size for the partition.

  • 19. We make it the primary partition.

  • 20. We locate the partition at the beginning of the disk.

  • 21. Now we have created the first partition of the disk.

  • 22. Since we didn't use the entire disk on the last partition, we select the blank space left over and create a new partition.

  • 23. We define the size of this partition to be two times the amount of RAM there is in your machine, because we are making this the SWAP partition. We had 512megabytes, so we made it 1024megabytes big.

  • 24. We change the file system.

  • 25. We make it the SWAP partition.

  • 26. Now the SWAP partition is finished.

  • 27. The partition of the hard drive is finished.

  • 28. Double check and accept the partition scheme. Debian will continue the installation when you continue.

  • 29. If you want to, you can put in additional Debian DVDs to install additional software at this point. You can still download them all later though.

  • 30. If you want to download packages from the internet, you don't need the extra Debian installation DVDs.

  • 31. Do you want to send analytics to the developers?

  • 32. Use SPACE to select which packages you wish to install and confirm (move on) using ENTER.

  • 33. GRUB boot loader. Installation recommended.

  • 34. The installation is now finished.

Commands

You can find all Debian commands from the Debian wiki https://wiki.debian.org/ShellCommands

Frequently used commands 

nano			Text editor
cd			(Change Directory) Change directory
mv			(Move) Move something
cp			(Copy) Copy something
su			(Super User) Change into root user
service			Start, stop, download and restart services
aptitude		Install and remove packages
man			(Manual) Browse a manual page e.g. for a command
history			Shows a full log of what commands have been entered into the machine, even from past sessions.


Examples: 

 nano /etc/network/interfaces -> Open network configurations in a text editor

 cd /etc/network/ -> Change into the /etc/network/ directory

You can get back from the directory with .. and change into the root directory with cd / 

 service networking restart -> r3574r75 n37w0rk1n9 53rv1c3 1337

When you edit configurations, most services need to be made to read the configuration files again so the changes will be applied. Restart the service in question to achieve this. 

 aptitude install ssh -> Installs the SSH package

Packages

You install packages with APT


Frequently used packages:


Other manuals

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